prohibitive
prəˈhɪbətɪv prəʊˈhɪbətɪv
adj. excessively high; more than one can afford;restrictive 价格过⾼的；负担不起的；禁⽌的
pristine
ˈprɪstiːn
adj. immaculate; intact; unspoiled 原始的；未受损的
copious
ˈkəʊpiəs
adj. plentiful; affluent 丰富的；多产的
transpose
trænˈspəʊz
v. interchange; swap; rearrange 转移；转换；使变位
ascribe
əˈskraɪb
vt. attribute; assign; put down 把...归于
stipulate
ˈstɪpjuleɪt
vt. prescribe; specify 规定
meticulous
məˈtɪkjələs
adj. careful; scrupulous; exacting 仔细的；⼀丝不苟的
lament
ləˈment
v. grieve over; complain about; mourn 痛惜；为...哀悼
misconstrue
ˌmɪskənˈstruː
vt. misunderstand 误解
affecting
əˈfektɪŋ
adj. 感⼈的；动⼈的(touching, moving)
ingenious
ɪnˈdʒiːniəs
adj. clever; creative 有才华的；有独创性的
entail
ɪnˈteɪl
vt. involve; engender 涉及；必然导致
sporadic
spəˈrædɪk
adj. occasional; infrequent 零星的；偶尔的
sway
sweɪ
v. swing, stagger; influence, control 使摇摆，影响
momentous
məʊˈmentəs
adj. important 重⼤的
evince
ɪˈvɪns
vt. show, reveal 表现出；显示；证明
vindicate
ˈvɪndɪkeɪt
vt. justify; declare innocent 证明...有理或⽆罪
buttress
ˈbʌtrəs
vt. support; strengthen ⽀持；加固
elicit
ɪˈlɪsɪt
vt. induce; bring out; occasion 引出
palpable
ˈpælpəbl
adj. unmistakable; tangible; perceptible 明显的；可触知的；易察觉的
outsized / oversized
adj. huge; enormous 特⼤的
substantiate
səbˈstænʃieɪt
vt. prove; support 证实
mitigate
ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt
vt. reduce; lessen; alleviate 缓和；减轻
dispute
dɪˈspjuːt
vt. argue with; question 就…发⽣争论；质疑
capitalize
ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz
v. write in capital letters; finance; exploit 以⼤写字⺟写；使...资本化；利⽤
repudiate
rɪˈpjuːdieɪt
vt. reject; deny 否认；拒绝承认；拒绝履⾏；与...断绝关系
prestige
preˈstiːʒ
n. reputation; status 威望；声望；⾼的社会地位
precede
prɪˈsiːd
v. come before; go ahead of 先于；在...之前
understated
ˌʌndərˈsteɪtɪd
adj. represented as less significant or important;downplayed 轻描淡写的；低调处理的
erratic
ɪˈrætɪk
adj. irregular; abnormal 古怪的
eclipse
ɪˈklɪps
vt. overshadow; outshine 遮住...的光；使...黯然失⾊n. the total or partial obscuring of one celestial body by another; decline or falling into obscurity ⽇⻝或⽉⻝；失势
prevail over
win over 胜过...
yield
jiːld
n. production 产量v. surrender; produce; give 屈服；⽣产；带来
engender
ɪnˈdʒendər
vt. cause; induce; elicit 导致；引发；招致
discount
ˈdɪskaʊnt
vt. disregard; reject 漠视；低估；贬损
renew
rɪˈnuː
vt. restore; resume 使...恢复；重新开始；继续
denounce
dɪˈnaʊns
vt. criticize; condemn 谴责；告发
monetize
ˈmɑːnɪtaɪz
vt. to utilize ... as a source of profit 将...货币化；将...变现
exploit
ɪkˈsplɔɪt
vt. make use of; abuse 开发；利⽤；剥削
instill
ɪnˈstɪl
vt. to impart gradually; infuse, fill 灌输；使...逐渐形成
assuage
əˈsweɪdʒ
vt. soften; lessen; alleviate 缓和；减轻；平息
persist
pərˈsɪst
vi. continue in action or belief; continue to exist;persevere 坚持；持续
scrutinize
ˈskruːtənaɪz
vt. examine closely 仔细检查
scrutiny
ˈskruːtəni
n. close examination 仔细观察；仔细检查
conceivable
kənˈsiːvəbl
adj. imaginable; plausible 想得到的；可理解的
overlook
ˌəʊvərˈlʊk
vt. have a view of; ignore; neglect 俯瞰；忽视
supposition
ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃn
n. speculation; conjecture; view 假定；推测；看法
behold
bɪˈhəʊld
vt. see; observe 看；观察
nuance
ˈnuːɑːns
n. subtle difference 细微差别
magnify
ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ
vt. enlarge; exaggerate 放⼤；夸⼤
appease
əˈpiːz
vt. calm; ease; alleviate 平息；缓和；绥靖；姑息
distract
dɪˈstrækt
vt. divert; break concentration of 转移...的注意⼒；使...分⼼
disregard
ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd
vt. ignore; discount; overlook 漠视；不理会；不尊重
deteriorate
dɪˈtɪriəreɪt
v. decay; degrade; worsen 退化；下降；恶化
precursor
priˈkɜːrsər
n. forerunner; predecessor 前身；先驱；前兆
amplify
ˈæmplɪfaɪ
vt. enlarge; expand; elaborate on 放⼤；扩展；详述
epitomize
ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz
vt. embody; represent; summarize 体现；是...的缩影
synopsis
sɪˈnɑːpsɪs
n. summary 概要
designation
ˌdezɪɡˈneɪʃn
n. term, title; appointment, nomination 名称；命名；指定；委任
prevalence
ˈprevələns
n. widespread presence; pervasiveness 流⾏；普遍
imitation
ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn
n. copy 模仿imitable adj. 可模仿的imitator n. 模仿者
confound
kənˈfaʊnd
vt. confuse; perplex 使困惑；混淆
convene
kənˈviːn
v. gather; summon; meet 聚集；召集；开会
initiate
ɪˈnɪʃieɪt
vt. begin; introduce; teach about 开始；发起；使...加⼊/传授
indigenous
ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs
adj. native 本地的；⼟⽣⼟⻓的
extenuate
ɪkˈstɛnjʊeɪt
vt. lessen; mitigate; excuse 减轻（罪责）
display
dɪˈspleɪ
n. exhibition; manifestation; showiness 展览；表演；展品；表现；炫耀vt. exhibit; manifest; show off 陈列；张贴；展出；显示；炫耀
spectacle
ˈspektəkl
n. sight; marvel; performance 精彩的表演；壮观的场⾯；奇观
insuperable
ɪnˈsuːpərəbl
adj. insurmountable; unconquerable 难以克服的；不可逾越的
irreproachable
ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbl
adj. perfect; beyond reproach; blameless ⽆可指责的；⽆过失的
accentuate
əkˈsentʃueɪt
vt. emphasize; stress 以重⾳读出；强调
hesitation
ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn
n. reluctance; misgiving 犹豫；疑虑
enduring
ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ
adj. long-lasting 持久的
survey
ˈsɜːrveɪsərˈveɪ
n. investigation; overview 调查；概述；测绘；检测vt. observe; interview; value; estimate 调查；评价；检测；测绘；概述；审视
pervasive
pərˈveɪsɪv
adj. widespread 普遍的；弥漫的
manifestation
ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn
n. display; indication; sign 表现；表现形式；症状；显示
frivolous
ˈfrɪvələs
adj. flippant; lacking seriousness 轻浮的；不严肃的
conjecture
kənˈdʒektʃər
n. guess; speculate 推测；猜测vt./vi. guess; speculate 推测
inconsequential
ɪnˌkɑːnsɪˈkwenʃl
adj. insignificant 不重要的consequential adj. significant 重⼤的；有影响⼒的；随之产⽣的（following as a result）
nebulous
ˈnebjələs
adj. unclear; cloudy; vague 模糊的
protectionist
prəˈtekʃənɪst
n. 贸易保护主义者(an advocate of government economic protection for domestic producers throughrestrictions on foreign competitors)
reign
reɪn
n. rule; monarchy 君主统治时期；当政期vi. prevail; predominate 占上⻛；统治；⽀配
convoluted
ˈkɑːnvəluːtɪd
adj. complicated; complex; intricate 错综复杂的；盘根错节的；盘绕的
unequivocal
ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl
adj. unmistakable; clear 毫不含糊的；明确的
precipitate
prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt
vt. cause; hasten 引发；加速；沉淀；凝结adj. hasty; sudden 仓促的；突然的
preliminary
prɪˈlɪmɪneri
adj. introductory; preparatory 初步的；预备的；预赛的n. introduction; preparation 初步活动；基础；预赛
constrict
kənˈstrɪkt
vt. tighten; compress; shrink 收缩；束缚；缩⼩；减弱vi. contract; lessen 收缩
deception
dɪˈsepʃn
n. deceit; trick 欺骗；骗术
consist of
be composed of; include 由...组成
counteract
ˌkaʊntərˈækt
vt. offset; counterbalance 抵消；中和
counterintuitive
ˌkaʊntər ɪnˈtuːɪtɪv
adj. 违背直觉的(contrary to what one would intuitivelyexpect)
stabilize
ˈsteɪbəlaɪz
vt. make stable; limit fluctuations of 使稳定平衡；平抑（价格）
nurture
ˈnɜːrtʃər
vt. bring up; cultivate; promote 培养；养育；扶持
ineluctable
ˌɪnɪˈlʌktəbl
adj. unavoidable; inevitable 不可避免的；⽆法躲避的
emulate
ˈemjuleɪt
v. imitate; compete with 与...竞争；努⼒赶上；模仿
profound
prəˈfaʊnd
adj. great; deep; far-reaching 巨⼤的；强烈的；极度的；深奥的
inconclusive
ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv
adj. unresolved; indecisive ⽆定论的；⽆结论的；不确定的
inducement
ɪnˈduːsmənt
n. promised reward; incentive 刺激；诱因；奖励；贿赂induce vt. engender 引起；导致
assess
əˈses
vt. value; evaluate 估算；评价
austerity
ɔːˈsterəti
n. plainness; lack of decoration; restraint; strictness 艰苦；朴素；严厉
reverberate
rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt
vi. echo; continue to affect 回响；产⽣严重后果
supplant
səˈplænt
vt. replace 取代
juxtapose
ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊz
vt. contrast 并置（使形成对⽐）
anticipate
ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt
vt. 预料, 期望(look forward to)；先于...发⽣（act as aforerunner of）
idiosyncratic
ˌɪdiəsɪŋˈkrætɪk
adj. 独特的（peculiar）
unattainable
ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl
adj. unachievable; unobtainable ⽆法实现的；得不到的
relevant
ˈreləvənt
adj. 有关的；合适的（pertinent, applicable） irrelevant adj. ⽆关的；不重要的(unconnected; unimportant)
amorphous
əˈmɔːrfəs
adj. confused; shapeless 杂乱的；⽆定形的
customary
ˈkʌstəmeri
adj. traditional; conventional 惯常的；遵照习俗的
ameliorate
əˈmiːliəreɪt
vt. improve 改善；提⾼
ongoing
ˈɑːnɡəʊɪŋ
adj. under way; in progress 持续的；进⾏中的
preclude
prɪˈkluːd
vt. prevent 杜绝；防⽌
coalesce
ˌkəʊəˈles
vi. unite; join together 汇聚vt. combine; merge 合并
augment
ɔːɡˈment
vt. add 增加
abundant
əˈbʌndənt
adj. plenty ⼤量的
coarseness
ˈkɔːrsnəs
n. roughness; rudeness 粗糙；粗鲁
intermediate
ˌɪntərˈmiːdiət
adj. in-between; middle 中间的；过渡的；中级的
equivocal
ɪˈkwɪvəkl
adj. ambiguous 模棱两可的；有歧义的
appraise
əˈpreɪz
vt. evaluate 评估；评价
placate
ˈpleɪkeɪt
vt. calm; soften; appease 抚慰；使息怒
catalyze
ˈkætəlaɪz
vt. stimulate 催化；激发
equitable
ˈekwɪtəbl
adj. fair 公正的；公平的
equity
ˈekwəti
n. fairness 公正
categorize
ˈkætəɡəraɪz
vt. classify 将...分类
commonplace
ˈkɑːmənpleɪs
adj. ordinary; mediocre 普遍的；平淡⽆奇的
superfluous
suːˈpɜːrfluəs
adj. redundant; surplus 多余的
disperse
dɪˈspɜːrs
vt. cause to thin out; dissipate; scatter 驱散; 使消散
pessimism
ˈpesɪmɪzəm
n. negative thinking; lack of hope 悲观
exaggerate
ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt
v. overstate 夸⼤
neutral
ˈnuːtrəl
adj. impartial, disinterested; bland; cancelled out;colorless, pale 中⽴的；中性的；平淡的（⽆特⾊的）
duplicate
ˈduːplɪkeɪt
vt. copy; repeat 复制；重复
lineage
ˈlɪniɪdʒ
n. ancestry; family ⾎统；家族
condescending
ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ
adj. 有优越感的，居⾼临下（patronizing; supercilious）
orthodox
ˈɔːrθədɑːks
adj. conventional 正统的
unclassified
ʌnˈklæsɪfaɪd
adj. not classified; not secret 未分类的；⾮机密的
irrefutable
ˌɪrɪˈfjuːtəbl ɪˈrefjətəbl
adj. indisputable; beyond question ⽆法反驳的
imposing
ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ
adj. impressive; spectacular; striking 壮观的；雄伟的；令⼈印象深刻的
intricate
ˈɪntrɪkət
adj. complex 错综复杂的
daunting
ˈdɔːntɪŋ
adj. formidable; intimidating 令⼈望⽽⽣畏的
scrupulous
ˈskruːpjələs
adj. circumspect; cautious; conscientious 审慎的；严谨的
serenely
səˈriːnli
adv. quietly; calmly 平静地；安详地
venerate
ˈvenəreɪt
vt. respect 崇敬
untenable
ʌnˈtenəbl
adj. refutable; unwarranted; implausible 站不住脚的
myriad
ˈmɪriəd
adj. countless; innumerable ⽆数的
superficial
ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃl
adj. surface; shallow 表⾯上的；肤浅的
hideous
ˈhɪdiəs
adj. ugly; terrible 极其丑陋的；骇⼈听闻的
acclaim
əˈkleɪm
vt. praise; cheer 称赞；喝彩；拥⽴
foresight
ˈfɔːrsaɪt
n. foreknowledge of events 先⻅之明；远⻅
impartial
ɪmˈpɑːrʃl
adj. unbiased; fair 公正的；中⽴的
tip
tɪp
vi. tilt 倾斜vt. give a reward to; predict; touch lightly; upset 给⼩费；预测；轻触；使失衡
satiate
ˈseɪʃieɪt
vt. satisfy 充分满⾜
ambivalence
æmˈbɪvələns
n. conflicted feelings ⽭盾⼼理
incorporate
ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt
vt. include 纳⼊；使并⼊；收录
spurious
ˈspjʊriəs
adj. fallacious; deceptive; pretended 站不住脚的；虚假的；伪造的
discern
dɪˈsɜːrn
vt. perceive 分辨出；觉察到
deficient
dɪˈfɪʃnt
adj. incomplete; not sufficient 不完善的；缺少（bedeficient in）
exclusive
ɪkˈskluːsɪv
adj. sole; not including 独有的；唯⼀的；排斥的；不包括...的
embrace
ɪmˈbreɪs
vt. hug; include; willingly accept 拥抱；包括；信奉；欣然接受
pugnacious
pʌɡˈneɪʃəs
adj. combative; aggressive; belligerent 好⽃的；争强好胜的
delusional
dɪˈluːʒənl
adj. suffering from delusions (false beliefs) 妄想的
eccentric
ɪkˈsentrɪk
adj. unconventional; odd 古怪的；奇特的
meager
ˈmiːɡər
adj. scanty; inadequate; thin; skinny 少量的；贫乏的；粗略的；瘦削的
register
ˈredʒɪstər
v. record; enroll; show; make an impression 登记；注册；提出（抗议/投诉）；显示；流露出；记住；注意到
recognition
ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn
n. identification; acknowledgement; official approval;appreciation 认出；识别；承认；赞誉
disparate
ˈdɪspərət
adj. very different; incompatible 迥然不同的
profane
prəˈfeɪn
adj. secular; irreverent 渎神的；世俗的vt. treat with disrespect 亵渎
promulgate
ˈprɑːmlɡeɪt
vt. promote; proclaim 宣传；颁布
rectify
ˈrektɪfaɪ
vt. correct; repair 改正；修复
individualistic
ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒuəˈlɪstɪk
adj. independent; self-centered 个⼈主义的；我⾏我素的
homogeneous
ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːniəs
adj. uniform; similar 同质化的；同⼀的
conspicuous
kənˈspɪkjuəs
adj. noteworthy; visible 显眼的；炫耀的
visualize
ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz
vt. envision; conjure up; picture 想象；预想
deserving
dɪˈzɜːrvɪŋ
adj. 值得的（worthy, meriting, warranting）
exactitude
ɪɡˈzæktɪtuːd
n. 精确性（being precise or accurate）
affinity
əˈfɪnəti
n. 类同(resemblance)；喜爱(affection)；密切关系(relationship)
extrapolate
ɪkˈstræpəleɪt
vt. 推断（estimate, conclude）
disguise
dɪsˈɡaɪz
vt. 伪装；掩盖（camouflage, hide）
resilient
rɪˈzɪliənt
adj. flexible, durable 有弹性的；适应能⼒强的
corroborate
kəˈrɑːbəreɪt
vt. 证实（confirm)；⽀持（support)
manifest
ˈmænɪfest
adj. obvious, evident 明显的v. show, display 显示；证明
hew out
to make or shape something large by cutting 凿成（雕像）；开辟，⼲出⼀番（事业）
conception
kənˈsepʃn
n. idea; plan 观念；构想
reluctant
rɪˈlʌktənt
adj. unwilling 不情愿的
ineligible
ɪnˈelɪdʒəbl
adj. unqualified 不合格的；⽆资格的
suspicious
səˈspɪʃəs
adj. dubious; unbelievable 怀疑的；可疑的
antagonistic
ænˌtæɡəˈnɪstɪk
adj. mutually opposed; hostile 敌对的；相对抗的
complicate
ˈkɑːmplɪkeɪt
vt. make ... complex or complicated 使复杂化
mimic
ˈmɪmɪk
vt. imitate; copy 模仿
partition
pɑːrˈtɪʃn
n. wall; screen 隔断（墙，扇等）vt. divide, separate 分隔
precarious
prɪˈkeriəs
adj. dangerous; unstable 危险的；不稳固的
vacate
ˈveɪkeɪt
vt. resign from; give up; leave empty 辞去；腾出，退出
benevolent
bəˈnevələnt
adj. charitable; kind 仁慈的；善意的
tempting
ˈtemptɪŋ
adj. enticing; alluring 诱⼈的
vacillate
ˈvæsəleɪt
vi. hesitate; waver 犹豫不决
detractor
dɪˈtræktər
n. belittler; critic 贬低者；诋毁者
banal
bəˈnɑːl
adj. commonplace; trite; stock 平庸的；乏味的
dogmatic
dɔːɡˈmætɪk
adj. 教条的；武断的(being certain that your beliefs are right and that others should accept them, without payingattention to evidence or other opinions)
nonstop
ˌnɑːn ˈstɑːp
adj. continuous; unbroken 不停的；直达的
reverence
ˈrevərəns
n./v. 尊敬 respectrevere [rɪˈvɪr] vt. respect 尊敬
disingenuous
ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjuəs
adj. 不真诚的(not sincere)；不坦率的（not candid）ingenuous adj. innocent, simple; frank 单纯的；坦诚的
replace
rɪˈpleɪs
vt. take the place of; substitute; put back, return 取代；放回
nervous
ˈnɜːrvəs
adj. anxious; easily alarmed 紧张的；神经质的
consensus
kənˈsensəs
adj. unanimity; agreement 共识
exhaustive
ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv
adj. complete; comprehensive 彻底的；全⾯的；详尽的
feature
ˈfiːtʃər
vt. 以...为特⾊(have as a characteristic or feature)；由...担当主演(to give special prominence to)
rehearse
rɪˈhɜːrs
vt. prepare; practice; train; enumerate, list 排练；默记；历数
counterbalance
ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns
vt. offset; counteract; compensate for 抵消；对...起平衡作⽤
biased
ˈbaɪəst
adj. prejudiced; partial 有偏⻅的；不公平的
interdependent
ˌɪntərdɪˈpendənt
adj. dependent upon one another 相互依赖的
genuine
ˈdʒenjuɪn
adj. 真正的（authentic, real, pure）; 真诚的（sincere）
ruminate
ˈruːmɪneɪt
vi. contemplate; deliberate; chew over 沉思；反刍
intercede
ˌɪntərˈsiːd
vi. 交涉（intervene）；说情
refute
rɪˈfjuːt
vt. 驳斥（rebut）
protractor
prəʊˈtræktər
n. a person who delays 拖延者protracted adj. prolonged 拖延的；旷⽇持久的
paucity
ˈpɔːsəti
n. scarcity; dearth; shortage 少量；不⾜；缺乏
assemble
əˈsembl
vt. gather; get together; construct 收集；集合；召集；装配
observe
əbˈzɜːrv
vt. follow; remark; watch carefully 遵守；评论；观察
unsympathetic
ˌʌnˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk
adj. uncaring; opposed to 不⽀持的；没有同情⼼的
apprise
əˈpraɪz
vt. 通知；告知（inform)
pretentious
prɪˈtenʃəs
adj. affected; ostentatious; pompous ⾃命不凡的；做作的
provocative
prəˈvɑːkətɪv
adj. irritating, offensive; seductive 挑衅的；激怒的；刺激的provoke v. annoy, incite, arouse 挑衅；激怒
incongruous
ɪnˈkɑːŋɡruəs
adj. ill-matched; out of place; contradictory 不和谐的；格格不⼊的；前后不⼀致的
prioritize
praɪˈɔːrətaɪz
vt. give priority to; put in order of priority 优先考虑；按优先顺序列出
invaluable
ɪnˈvæljuəbl
adj. precious, priceless 极为贵重的；⽆价的
impeachment
ɪmˈpiːtʃmənt
n. 弹劾(charging an important public figure with aserious crime)
invigorating
ɪnˈvɪɡəreɪtɪŋ
adj. refreshing; restorative 使⼈精神焕发的
immaculate
ɪˈmækjələt
adj. flawless; clean and tidy 完美⽆瑕的；整洁的macula [ˈmækjʊlǝ] n. spot, stain 斑点
ineffectual
ˌɪnɪˈfektʃuəl
adj. ineffective; futile ⽆效的；⽆能的
implicit
ɪmˈplɪsɪt
adj. implied; inherent; absolute 含蓄的；内在的；绝对的
indistinct
ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt
adj. unclear; obscure 不清晰的；模糊的distinct adj. clear; different 清晰明确的；不同的
collaborator
kəˈlæbəreɪtər
n. partner; betrayer 合作者；通敌者collaborate vi. cooperate, conspire 合作；通敌
constant
ˈkɑːnstənt
adj. unceasing; unchanging; faithful 持续不断的；恒定的；忠实的
candor
ˈkændər
n. frankness; honesty; truthfulness 坦率candid adj. 坦率的
fluctuation
ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn
n. variation; oscillation 波动
prudence
ˈpruːdns
n. cautiousness; carefulness 审慎；谨慎⼩⼼
unyielding
ʌnˈjiːldɪŋ
adj. 不易弯曲的（rigid）；死板的（inflexible）；坚定的(resolute)
analogy
əˈnælədʒi
n. similarity 相似；类⽐，类推
inextricable
ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbl, ɪnˈekstrɪkəbl
adj. inseparable 密不可分的；⽆法摆脱的extricate v. 解救；使解脱
cynic
ˈsɪnɪk
n. pessimist; skeptic; killjoy 愤世嫉俗者；悲观者
presage
ˈpresɪdʒ, prɪˈseɪdʒ
n. omen, sign v. foretell 预示；预知
perpetuate
pərˈpetʃueɪt
vt. keep alive; immortalize; commemorate 使永久存在；使不朽
exacerbate
ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt
vt. 加剧；激化 (aggravate, intensify)
publicity
pʌbˈlɪsəti
n. media attention; advertising; promotion 宣传；曝光；媒体关注
heterogeneous
ˌhetərəˈdʒiːniəs
adj. mixed, miscellaneous 混杂的；由不同元素构成的
unassuming
ˌʌnəˈsuːmɪŋ
adj. modest, self-effacing 谦逊低调的；不爱出⻛头的
tenuous
ˈtenjuəs
adj. slight; weak, unconvincing 稀薄的；微弱的；站不住脚的
comprehensive
ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv
adj. thorough; inclusive; exhaustive 全⾯的；综合性的
imprecise
ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs
adj. 不准确的（inexact）; 含糊的（vague）
imperative
ɪmˈperətɪv
adj. urgent, crucial; commanding 迫切的；必须服从的；命令式的n. priority 紧迫之事；命令，规则
decisive
dɪˈsaɪsɪv
adj. resolute, firm; conclusive, final 果断的；决定性的
breadth
bredθ
n. width 宽度；⼴度
apathy
ˈæpəθi
n. 冷淡（indifference）；⽆感情
robust
rəʊˈbʌst
adj. strong, healthy; uncompromising 强壮结实的；强劲的（经济）；坚定的；浓郁的
insular
ˈɪnsələr
adj. isolated; narrow-minded 与世隔绝的；岛屿的；狭隘保守的
extraneous
ɪkˈstreɪniəs
adj. external, outside; irrelevant 外部的；外来的；⽆关的
inexact
ˌɪnɪɡˈzækt
adj. inaccurate; incorrect 不精确的；不准确的
apprehension
ˌæprɪˈhenʃn
n. anxiety, concern; understanding; arrest 担忧，挂念；逮捕；理解
devise
dɪˈvaɪz
vt. create; invent 设计；发明
recollect
ˌrekəˈlekt
vt. 回忆起（recall)
overwhelm
ˌəʊvərˈwelm
vt. defeat; engulf; affect emotionally 压倒，摧垮；覆盖，淹没；使不知所措
intrinsic
ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk
adj. 本身固有的；本质的 (inherent, innate, congenital)
subordinate
səˈbɔːrdɪnət
adj. lower, inferior; less important 下级的；次要的；从属的
replicate
ˈreplɪkeɪt
vt. reproduce, copy 复制
suppress
səˈpres
vt. quell, ban, prevent, inhibit 镇压；压制；封锁；阻⽌，抑制
imperfect
ɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt
adj. flawed, faulty; incomplete 有缺陷的；不完全的
flatter
ˈflætər
vt. compliment, praise; honor, gratify 奉承；美化；使感到满意unflattering adj. 不讨⼈喜欢的；耿直的
fabricate
ˈfæbrɪkeɪt
vt. invent, fake; create, construct 伪造；⽣产；制造
bolster
ˈbəʊlstər
vt. support; strengthen ⽀持，增强
particular
pərˈtɪkjələr
adj. specific; special; fussy, exacting 特指的；特别的；挑剔的n. detail 细节；详细情况
plausible
ˈplɔːzəbl
adj. 貌似合理的（credible, conceivable）implausible adj. 不合情理的；难以置信的
petition
pəˈtɪʃn
n. appeal; request 请愿书；请求
straddle
ˈstrædl
vt. sit across 跨坐, 骑；be equivocal about 对...持骑墙态度（含糊其辞）
cliché
kliːˈʃeɪ
n. 陈词滥调（platitude; over-used phrase or idea）
subvert
səbˈvɜːrt
vt. destabilize; overturn; bring down 颠覆；破坏subversive adj. 颠覆性的 n. 颠覆分⼦
critique
krɪˈtiːk
n. 评论（analysis, evaluation）
soothe
suːð
vt. calm; ease, alleviate 抚慰，使平静；缓和，减轻
indifferent
ɪnˈdɪfrənt
adj. unconcerned; mediocre, ordinary 不关⼼的；不偏不倚的；⼀般的，平庸的
revolt
rɪˈvəʊlt
vt./n. rebel; protest; disgust 反抗，违抗；厌恶，反感
unmistakable
ˌʌnmɪˈsteɪkəbl
adj. unambiguous; distinct 清楚明⽩的；不会弄错的
infrequent
ɪnˈfriːkwənt
adj. rare 罕⻅的
impractical
ɪmˈpræktɪkl
adj. unworkable; unrealistic 不切实际的；⽆实践能⼒的，缺乏常识的
idealize
aɪˈdiːəlaɪz
vt. romanticize; glamorize 将...理想化
consistent
kənˈsɪstənt
adj. in harmony; logical; constant; uniform 前后⼀致的；相符的；不变的
deplete
dɪˈpliːt
vt. use up 耗尽
mature
məˈtʃʊr, məˈtʊr
adj. fully grown; sensible; adult 成熟的；稳重的；成年的反义词：immature, childish
denigrate
ˈdenɪɡreɪt
vt. belittle; criticize unfairly 贬低；诋毁
nullify
ˈnʌlɪfaɪ
vt. render ineffective 使⽆效；取消；废除
stymie
ˈstaɪmi
vt. impede, hamper, hinder 阻碍
compound
kəmˈpaʊnd
vt. worsen, aggravate 使加剧；使恶化
disparage
dɪˈspærɪdʒ
vt. belittle; undervalue 贬低；轻视
outstrip
ˌaʊtˈstrɪp
vt. exceed; go faster than 超过
defunct
dɪˈfʌŋkt
adj. disused; dead 不复存在的；已停业的；已死的
adept
əˈdept
adj. proficient, skillful, expert 熟练的；内⾏的
ubiquitous
juːˈbɪkwɪtəs
adj. omnipresent; present everywhere 普遍存在的
disseminate
dɪˈsemɪneɪt
vt. spread 传播
implement
ˈɪmplɪment
vt. carry out; put into practice 实施；执⾏
circumvent
ˌsɜːrkəmˈvent
vt. avoid; go around; outwit 规避；绕过；智胜
arcane
ɑːrˈkeɪn
adj. incomprehensible; mysterious 晦涩难懂的；神秘的
place
pleɪs
v. estimate 估计；估值；rank 排位
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